This report examines the rise of illegal and unlicensed for-hire vehicle (FHV) operations in New York and New Jersey, focusing on unauthorized taxis, limousines, and off-platform rideshare drivers. It identifies the risks they pose, the regulatory gaps they exploit, and the enforcement challenges confronting state and local authorities. 

Aimed at policymakers, regulators, law enforcement, and industry stakeholders, the report draws on legal analysis, field investigations, and case studies to highlight how these drivers evade oversight and undermine public safety and legitimate businesses. 

The goal is to support a more strategic, coordinated response—offering practical solutions for enforcement and regulation in the region and insights relevant to other jurisdictions facing similar threats.