<p>Transportation credit mortgage (TCM) programs are intended to reduce auto use, decrease sprawl, and increase housing options for low- and moderate-income households. The centerpiece of such programs is a credit to income for expected savings on auto use for households who purchase a home with good transit access and/or high population density. It is hoped, first, that a higher share of those in target neighborhoods will consist of households who use transit and walk; second, that there will be more housing provided in target neighborhoods.

An integral-abutment bridge is designed to transfer the temperature and traffic-induced horizontal loading
to its foundation by the use of a continuous joint between the superstructure and its abutment. The
connection eliminates the need for bearings, which have been a source of expensive rehabilitation, and
accommodates the horizontal movement through a flexible stub-abutment supported on piles. Although
integral abutments have been used successfully by many states, a nationally accepted design methodology

Integral abutment bridges are becoming widely accepted for new construction of short to medium
length highway bridges of limited skew. Although they offer an economic alternative to the use of
bearings, integral abutments present their own unique challenges. One area of concern is the
development of passive pressures behind the abutment due to the cyclic loading of the soil during
thermal movement of the superstructure. The challenge of the present work is to present to the