This research critically reviews and analyzes various cost-effective (existing as well as emerging) sensing techniques for use in smart bridge bearings. These sensing technologies were reviewed on the basis of cost-effectiveness, implementability, maintenance, technical expertise required for acquisition and analysis of data, and reliability of the technology in field conditions. The central focus of the research was to identify technologies that are cost-effective, low maintenance and robust for field conditions. The final outcome of the research was to demonstrate the feasibility of the "smart bridge bearing" concept and its detailed implementation plan. The research resulted in specific recommendations for production and development of the smart bearings to meet the stated functional objectives.