<p>Transportation credit mortgage (TCM) programs are intended to reduce auto use, decrease sprawl, and increase housing options for low- and moderate-income households. The centerpiece of such programs is a credit to income for expected savings on auto use for households who purchase a home with good transit access and/or high population density. It is hoped, first, that a higher share of those in target neighborhoods will consist of households who use transit and walk; second, that there will be more housing provided in target neighborhoods.

<p>The purpose of this project was to study the feasibility of a regional approach to rail transit training in the New York metropolitan area and to recommend a means for implementing such a cooperative training effort. The first part was to study the existing training at the five agencies, to document the training needs of each agency, and to determine mutual training needs that could be addressed on a regional basis.

<p>The purpose of this project was to study the feasibility of a regional approach to rail transit training in the New York metropolitan area and to recommend a means for implementing such a cooperative training effort. The first part was to study the existing training at the five agencies, to document the training needs of each agency, and to determine mutual training needs that could be addressed on a regional basis.

<p>The air travel industry is in turmoil. Bankruptcies of commercial air carriers has become commonplace. Increasing fuel costs make profitability wishful thinking for many carriers, and many cities are losing scheduled air service as carriers focus on only the most profitable routes. Complaints about delays are the norm. The benefits that will result from technological improvements are years away. Many in both the private and public sectors describe the system as &#39;broken&#39; and call out for changes in national aviation policy.

<p>Traffic Congestion interferes with the operations of bus service and imposes additional costs to the transit agency that provides the service. As traffic volumes or congestion increase, traffic speeds decrease, as established in traffic engineering formulas and curves that show speed as a function of the traffic volume to capacity ratio. This results in additional time being required to travel a fixed distance. Congestion also decreases bus speeds and increases the travel time for buses.

<p>Traffic congestion in Northern New Jersey imposes a substantial operational and monetary penalty on bus service. The purpose of this project was to quantify the additional time and operational costs due to traffic congestion. A regression model was developed that estimates the travel time rate (in minutes per mile) of a bus as a function of the car travel time rate, the number of passengers boarding per mile, and the number of bus tops per mile.

<p>Traffic congestion in Northern New Jersey imposes substantial operational and monetary penalty on bus service. The purpose of this project was to quantify the additional time and costs due to traffic congestion. A regression model was developed that estimates the travel time rate (in minutes per mile) of a bus as a function of car traffic time rate, number of passengers boarding per mile, and the number of bus tops per mile.

<p>Traffic congestion in Northern New Jersey imposes a substantial time operational penalty on bus service. The purpose of a project was to quantify the additional travel time that buses need because of traffic congestion. A regression model was developed to estimate the travel time rate (in minutes per mile) of a bus as a function of car traffic time rate, number of passengers hoarding per mile, and the number of bus stops per mile.

Herbicides have been widely used to control vegetation on roadside rights-of-way because they are perceived as more cost effective than other treatments. However, as knowledge of environmental systems has developed along with a growing social perception of health and environmental issues, a need for alternative methods to herbicide use for vegetation control along roadsides has become a prominent issue. As many organizations are also looking into innovative control methods, it is important to gather and review information generated throughout the industry.

<p>The changing perception of the safety of transportation modes is, in particular, affecting the way in which the traveling public makes choices concerning mode of transportation, place of work, and location of residence. On September 10, most travel analysts would have said that reliability, travel time, and cost were the primary determinants of mode choice. On September 12, personal security became, and still remains for many New Yorkers, a key concern.</p>